Difficulties Experienced by Russian Merchants in Ottoman Waters: The Cases of Usurpation and Seizure after Maritime Accidents (1750-1800)

Abstract

The wars and diplomatic relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Tsardom shaped the commercial relations in between the two states. In particular, the change in the balance of power in favor of the Russians and the opening of the seas under Ottoman rule to Russian merchant ships brought a different dimension to commercial relations. In the second half of the 18th century, Russian merchant shipping sailing in Ottoman waters were subjected to incidents of plunder and seizure in the aftermath of maritime accidents. This situation adversely affected Ottoman-Russian commercial relations. The Russia Ahkâm Defterleri (Registers of Decrees) in the Presidency of the Republic State Archives provide significant information concerning these incidents. Of the 45 maritime accidents occurred in the second half of 18th century recorded in the registers, %40 involved extortion or seizure. The Ottoman State considered such incidents unjust and contrary to treaties. It took the required steps to protect the rights of the victims and to maintain warm relations between the two states. This study examines these incidents of plunder and seizure following maritime accidents and the Ottoman State’s approach to resolving the resultant issues. The study is a contribution to a better understanding of Ottoman-Russian commercial relations and maritime history.