Özet
Bu makale, İskenderiye'den Trablusgarp yönüne uzanan Hidiviye (II. Abbas Hilmi) Demiryolu'nu Britanya arşiv belgelerine dayanarak tarihsel uluslararası ilişkiler analitik çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Hattın teknik ve işletme anatomisini yeniden inşa ederek tasarım tercihlerinin performans ve maliyet parametreleri üzerindeki belirleyici etkisini ortaya koymaktadır. 1914 öncesi Doğu Akdeniz'in güvenlik ekonomisi bağlamında demiryolu, Mısır – Sirenaika koridorunda bir sınır teknolojisi olarak yorumlanmaktadır: hat Sollum'a doğru ilerlerken kervan güzergâhları, mevsimlik panayırlar ve arpa sevkiyatlarıyla eklemlenmektedir; ancak Britanya gözetimi, Osmanlı askerî hassasiyetleri ve İtalyan imtiyaz emelleri altında işlemektedir. Çalışma ayrıca projeyi, 1854 tarihli İskenderiye – Kahire hattından (Ortadoğu'nun ilk işletmeye alınan demiryolu) ve ardından Süveyş yönündeki genişleme sürecinde Mısır demiryolu gelişimi içinde konumlandırarak, hidivliğe bağlı özel bir hattın Batı çölü koridoruna otorite projeksiyonu yoluyla Devlet Demiryolları'nı nasıl hem tamamladığını hem de ondan ayrıştığını açıklığa kavuşturmaktadır. Altyapının egemenlik, ticaret ve stratejiyi ayrılmaz biçimde birbirine bağladığını gösteren bu araştırma, belgelere dayalı sistematik bir işletme tarihi sunarak söz konusu hattı, geç Osmanlı dönemi Osmanlı–Britanya rekabetinin ve Akdeniz sınır yönetişiminin kritik bir düğüm noktası olarak yeniden konumlandırmaktadır.
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